Louis XIV

''[[Portrait of Louis XIV]]'', 1701 LouisXIV (Louis-Dieudonné; 5 September 16381 September 1715), also known as Louis the Great () or the Sun King (), was King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715. His verified reign of 72 years and 110 days is the longest of any sovereign.}} Although LouisXIV's France was emblematic of the Age of Absolutism in Europe, the King surrounded himself with a variety of significant political, military, and cultural figures, such as Bossuet, Colbert, Louvois, Le Brun, Le Nôtre, Lully, Mazarin, Molière, Racine, Turenne, Condé, and Vauban.

Louis began his personal rule of France in 1661, after the death of his chief minister Cardinal Mazarin, when the King famously declared that he would take over the job himself. An adherent of the divine right of kings, Louis continued his predecessors' work of creating a centralised state governed from the capital. He sought to eliminate the remnants of feudalism persisting in parts of France; by compelling many members of the nobility to reside at his lavish Palace of Versailles, he succeeded in pacifying the aristocracy, many of whom had participated in the Fronde rebellions during his minority. He thus became one of the most powerful French monarchs and consolidated a system of absolute monarchy in France that endured until the French Revolution. Louis also enforced uniformity of religion under the Catholic Church. His revocation of the Edict of Nantes abolished the rights of the Huguenot Protestant minority and subjected them to a wave of dragonnades, effectively forcing Huguenots to emigrate or convert, virtually destroying the French Protestant community.

During Louis's long reign, France emerged as the leading European power and regularly asserted its military strength. A conflict with Spain marked his entire childhood, while during his personal rule, Louis fought three major continental conflicts, each against powerful foreign alliances: the Franco-Dutch War, the Nine Years' War, and the War of the Spanish Succession. In addition, France also contested shorter wars, such as the War of Devolution and the War of the Reunions. Warfare defined Louis's foreign policy and his personal ambition shaped his approach. Impelled by "a mix of commerce, revenge, and pique", he sensed that war was the ideal way to enhance his glory. His wars strained France's resources to the utmost, while in peacetime, he concentrated on preparing for the next war. He taught his diplomats that their job was to create tactical and strategic advantages for the French military. Upon his death in 1715, LouisXIV left his great-grandson and successor, Louis XV, a powerful kingdom, albeit in major debt after the War of the Spanish Succession that had raged on since 1701.

Significant achievements during LouisXIV's reign which would go on to have a wide influence on the early modern period, well into the Industrial Revolution and until today, include the construction of the Canal du Midi, the patronage of artists, and the founding of the French Academy of Sciences. Provided by Wikipedia
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1
by Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715
Paris : Editions Artlys ; 2013

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2
by Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715
[Place of publication not identified] : [publisher not identified], 1681

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3
by Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715
A Paris : Chez François Muguet, imprimeur ordinaire du roy, & de son Parlement, 1685
Other Authors: ...Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715...

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4
by Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715
Paris : Éditions de la Réunion des Musées Nationaux, 1991

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5
by Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715
Paris : Editions de la Réunion des musées nationaux, 2001

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7
by Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715
London : Printed for Joseph Hindmarsh, 1688

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8
by Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715
A Paris : Chez François Muguet, 1691

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9
by Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715
London : T. F. Unwin, ltd., 1924

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10
by Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715
A Paris : Chez François Muguet, 1692

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11
by Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715
New York : Albert & Charles Boni, 1925

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12
by Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715
A Londres : chez T. Payne, dans Castle-Street, pres la Porte de la Meuse; J. Brindley, dans New Bond-Street; et S. Crowder et H. Woodgate, dans Pater-Noster-Row, 1755

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13
by Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715
London, : Printed for T.P., 1688

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14
by Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715
London : Printed for R. Baldwin ..., 1690

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15
by Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715
[Italy?] : [publisher not identified], 1688

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16
by Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715
[S.1.] : [publisher not identified], 1677

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17
by Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715
London, : Printed for T.P., 1688

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18
by Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715
[S.l. : s.n., 1677

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19
by Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715
London : Printed for B. Aylmer, and sold by R. Baldwin in Warwick Lane, 1696

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20
by Louis XIV, King of France, 1638-1715
[London : s.n., 1689

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