Karl Kautsky
Karl Johann Kautsky (; ; 16 October 1854 – 17 October 1938) was a Czech-Austrian philosopher, journalist, and Marxist theorist. A leading theorist of the Social Democratic Party of Germany (SPD) and the Second International, Kautsky advocated orthodox Marxism, which emphasized the scientific, materialist, and determinist character of Karl Marx's work. This interpretation dominated European Marxism for two decades, from the death of Friedrich Engels in 1895 to the outbreak of World War I in 1914.Born in Prague, Kautsky studied at the University of Vienna. In 1875, he joined the Social Democratic Party of Austria, and from 1883 founded and edited the influential socialist journal ''Die Neue Zeit''. From 1885 to 1890, he lived in London, where he worked with Engels. In Germany, he became active in the SPD and wrote the theory section of the party's Erfurt Program (1891), which became a major influence on other European socialist parties. He briefly left in 1917 to join the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD) because of his opposition to the increasing collaboration of the SPD with the war effort, but rejoined in 1922. By the 1930s, his influence and involvement in politics was dwindling, and he died in Amsterdam in 1938.
Kautsky's interpretation of Marxism held that history could not be "hurried", and that politically workers and workers' parties must wait for the material economic conditions for a socialist revolution to be met. Under his influence, the SPD adopted a gradualist approach, taking advantage of bourgeois parliamentary democracy to improve the lives of workers until capitalism was brought down by its internal contradictions. His positions led to disputes with other leading Marxists, including Eduard Bernstein, who favored a reformist approach; Rosa Luxemburg, who advocated revolutionary spontaneity; and Vladimir Lenin, who Kautsky believed had initiated a premature socialist revolution in Russia in 1917 and led the Soviet Union toward a dictatorship. Provided by Wikipedia
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by Kautsky, Karl, 1854-1938
Chicago, 1905
Chicago, 1905
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by Kautsky, Karl, 1854-1938
New York : Monthly Review Press 1972
New York : Monthly Review Press 1972
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by Kautsky, Karl, 1854-1938
Berlin : Verlag: Buchhandlung Vorwärts P. Singer 1919
Berlin : Verlag: Buchhandlung Vorwärts P. Singer 1919
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by Kautsky, Karl, 1854-1938
Petrograd, Literaturno-izdatelʹskiĭ otdel Narodnogo komissariata po prosveshchenii︠u︡, 1919
Petrograd, Literaturno-izdatelʹskiĭ otdel Narodnogo komissariata po prosveshchenii︠u︡, 1919
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by Kautsky, Karl, 1854-1938
Stuttgart, J.H.W. Dietz, 1892
Stuttgart, J.H.W. Dietz, 1892
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by Kautsky, Karl, 1854-1938
Tel-Aviv : Aticot, 1969
Tel-Aviv : Aticot, 1969
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by Kautsky, Karl, 1854-1938
Berlin : P. Cassirer, 1918
Berlin : P. Cassirer, 1918
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by Kautsky, Karl, 1854-1938
Nürnberg : Fränkische Verlagsanstalt, 1915
Nürnberg : Fränkische Verlagsanstalt, 1915
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by Kautsky, Karl, 1854-1938
Chicago, Ill. : S.A. Bloch, 1909
Chicago, Ill. : S.A. Bloch, 1909
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by Kautsky, Karl, 1854-1938
Berlin : Dietz, 1947
Berlin : Dietz, 1947
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by Kautsky, Karl, 1854-1938
Ṿarsha : Naye shṭrom, 1920
Ṿarsha : Naye shṭrom, 1920
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by Kautsky, Karl, 1854-1938
Paris, J. Povolosky 1920
Paris, J. Povolosky 1920
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by Kautsky, Karl, 1854-1938
Tōkyō : Senshinsha, 1931
Tōkyō : Senshinsha, 1931
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by Kautsky, Karl, 1854-1938
Chicago : C. H. Kerr & company, 1916
Chicago : C. H. Kerr & company, 1916
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by Kautsky, Karl, 1854-1938
New York, The American League for Democratic Socialism, 1932
New York, The American League for Democratic Socialism, 1932
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by Kautsky, Karl, 1854-1938
Hampstead : N. C. L. C. Publishing Society, 1936
Hampstead : N. C. L. C. Publishing Society, 1936
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