Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven ; |group=n}} (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. He is one of the most revered figures in the history of Western music; his works rank among the most performed of the classical music repertoire and span the transition from the Classical period to the Romantic era in classical music. Beethoven's career has conventionally been divided into early, middle, and late periods. His early period, during which he forged his craft, is typically considered to have lasted until 1802. From 1802 to around 1812, his middle period showed an individual development from the styles of Joseph Haydn and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, and is sometimes characterized as heroic. During this time, he began to grow increasingly deaf. In his late period, from 1812 to 1827, he extended his innovations in musical form and expression.Born in Bonn, Beethoven displayed his musical talent at a young age. He was initially taught intensively by his father, Johann van Beethoven, and later by Christian Gottlob Neefe. Under Neefe's tutelage in 1783, he published his first work, a set of keyboard variations. He found relief from a dysfunctional home life with the family of Helene von Breuning, whose children he loved, befriended, and taught piano. At age 21, he moved to Vienna, which subsequently became his base, and studied composition with Haydn. Beethoven then gained a reputation as a virtuoso pianist, and was soon patronised by Karl Alois, Prince Lichnowsky for compositions, which resulted in his three Opus 1 piano trios (the earliest works to which he accorded an opus number) in 1795.
His first major orchestral work, the First Symphony, premiered in 1800, and his first set of string quartets was published in 1801. Despite his hearing deteriorating during this period, he continued to conduct, premiering his Third and Fifth Symphonies in 1804 and 1808, respectively. His Violin Concerto appeared in 1806. His last piano concerto (No. 5, Op. 73, known as the ''Emperor''), dedicated to his frequent patron Archduke Rudolf of Austria, premiered in 1811, without Beethoven as soloist. He was almost completely deaf by 1814, and he then gave up performing and appearing in public. He described his problems with health and his unfulfilled personal life in two letters, his Heiligenstadt Testament (1802) to his brothers and his unsent love letter to an unknown "Immortal Beloved" (1812).
After 1810, increasingly less socially involved, Beethoven composed many of his most admired works, including later symphonies, mature chamber music and the late piano sonatas. His only opera, ''Fidelio'', first performed in 1805, was revised to its final version in 1814. He composed ''Missa solemnis'' between 1819 and 1823 and his final Symphony, No. 9, one of the first examples of a choral symphony, between 1822 and 1824. Written in his last years, his late string quartets, including the ''Grosse Fuge'', of 1825–1826 are among his final achievements. After several months of illness, which left him bedridden, he died in 1827. Provided by Wikipedia
221
by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
Middleton, Wis. : A-R Editions, 2010
Middleton, Wis. : A-R Editions, 2010
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222
by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
New York : E.F. Kalmus Orchestra Scores, 1932
New York : E.F. Kalmus Orchestra Scores, 1932
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223
224
by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
München : G. Henle, 1998
München : G. Henle, 1998
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225
by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
New York : E. F. Kalmus 1974
New York : E. F. Kalmus 1974
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226
by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
[London] : Boosey & Hawkes, 1941
[London] : Boosey & Hawkes, 1941
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227
by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
Frankfurt; London; New York : C. F. Peters, 1948
Frankfurt; London; New York : C. F. Peters, 1948
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228
by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
Westminster 1953
Westminster 1953
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229
by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
London : New York : E. Eulenburg ; Eulenburg Miniature Scores, 1950
London : New York : E. Eulenburg ; Eulenburg Miniature Scores, 1950
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230
231
by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
New York : C.F. Peters Corp., 1927
Other Authors:
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232
by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
Seraphim 1974
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Audio
233
by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
MPS 1969
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234
by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
München : G. Henle, 1964
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235
by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
Frankfurt; New York : C. F. Peters 1952
Frankfurt; New York : C. F. Peters 1952
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236
by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
München : G. Henle, 1996
München : G. Henle, 1996
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237
by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
Melville, N.Y. : Belwin Mills, 1970
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238
by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
London CS 7028., 1977
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Audio
239
by Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
England : London, 1950
England : London, 1950
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Audio