Oswald Spengler
Oswald Arnold Gottfried Spengler (; 29 May 1880 – 8 May 1936) was a German polymath, whose areas of interest included history, philosophy, mathematics, science, and art, as well as their relation to his organic theory of history. He is best known for his two-volume work ''The Decline of the West'' (''Der Untergang des Abendlandes''), published in 1918 and 1922, covering human history. Spengler's model of history postulates that human cultures and civilizations are akin to biological entities, each with a limited, predictable, and deterministic lifespan.Spengler predicted that about the year 2000, Western civilization would enter the period of pre‑death emergency whose countering would lead to 200 years of Caesarism (extra-constitutional omnipotence of the executive branch of government) before Western civilization's final collapse.
Spengler is regarded as a German nationalist and a critic of republicanism, and he was a prominent member of the Weimar-era Conservative Revolution. The Nazis had viewed his writings as a means to provide a "respectable pedigree" to their ideology, Spengler later criticized Nazism due to its excessive racialist elements. He saw Benito Mussolini, and entrepreneurial types, like the mining magnate Cecil Rhodes, as examples of the impending Caesars of Western culturelater showcasing his disappointment of Mussolini's colonialist adventures. Provided by Wikipedia
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by Spengler, Oswald, 1880-1936
London G. Allen and Unwin, 1932
London G. Allen and Unwin, 1932
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by Spengler, Oswald, 1880-1936
New York, Knopf, 1932
New York, Knopf, 1932
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3
by Spengler, Oswald, 1880-1936
New York : Modern Library, 1965
New York : Modern Library, 1965
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4
by Spengler, Oswald, 1880-1936
Berlin, G. Stilke, 1922
Berlin, G. Stilke, 1922
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5
by Spengler, Oswald, 1880-1936
München : Beck, 1920
München : Beck, 1920
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6
by Spengler, Oswald, 1880-1936
Paris : Copernic, 1979
Paris : Copernic, 1979
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7
by Spengler, Oswald, 1880-1936
Madrid, Espasa-Calpe, 1932
Madrid, Espasa-Calpe, 1932
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8
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9
by Spengler, Oswald, 1880-1936
New York : Knopf, 1980
New York : Knopf, 1980
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10
by Spengler, Oswald, 1880-1936
Chicago, H. Regnery Co. 1967
Chicago, H. Regnery Co. 1967
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12
by Spengler, Oswald, 1880-1936
New York : AMS Press, 1983
New York : AMS Press, 1983
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13
by Spengler, Oswald, 1880-1936
New York : London : A.A. Knopf ; G. Allen & Unwin, 1963
New York : London : A.A. Knopf ; G. Allen & Unwin, 1963
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Book
14
by Spengler, Oswald, 1880-1936
Halle : C. A. Kaemmerer & Co., 1904
Halle : C. A. Kaemmerer & Co., 1904
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Book
15
by Spengler, Oswald, 1880-1936
München : C. H. Beck, 1963
München : C. H. Beck, 1963
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16
by Spengler, Oswald, 1880-1936
London : G. Allen and Unwin, 1926
London : G. Allen and Unwin, 1926
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Book
17
by Spengler, Oswald, 1880-1936
[Place of publication not identified] : O. Spengler, 1904
[Place of publication not identified] : O. Spengler, 1904
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Thesis
Book
18
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19
by Spengler, Oswald, 1880-1936
Hamburg : Buske, 1987
Hamburg : Buske, 1987
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Book
20
by Spengler, Oswald, 1880-1936
Tel Aviv : Hedim, 1927
Tel Aviv : Hedim, 1927
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