Raphael
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino (; March 28 or April 6, 1483April 6, 1520),}} now generally known in English as Raphael ( , ), was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur. Together with Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period.His father was court painter to the ruler of the small but highly cultured city of Urbino. He died when Raphael was eleven, and Raphael seems to have played a role in managing the family workshop from this point. He trained in the workshop of Perugino, and was described as a fully trained "master" by 1500. He worked in or for several cities in north Italy until in 1508 he moved to Rome at the invitation of Pope Julius II, to work on the Apostolic Palace at the Vatican. He was given a series of important commissions there and elsewhere in the city, and began to work as an architect. He was still at the height of his powers at his death in 1520.
Raphael was enormously productive, running an unusually large workshop and, despite his early death at 37, leaving a large body of work. His career falls naturally into three phases and three styles, first described by Giorgio Vasari: his early years in Umbria, then a period of about four years (1504–1508) absorbing the artistic traditions of Florence, followed by his last hectic and triumphant twelve years in Rome, working for two popes and their close associates. Many of his works are found in the Vatican Palace, where the frescoed Raphael Rooms were the central, and the largest, work of his career. The best known work is ''The School of Athens'' in the Vatican Stanza della Segnatura. After his early years in Rome, much of his work was executed by his workshop from his drawings, with considerable loss of quality. He was extremely influential in his lifetime, though outside Rome his work was mostly known from his collaborative printmaking.
After his death, the influence of his great rival Michelangelo was more widespread until the 18th and 19th centuries, when Raphael's more serene and harmonious qualities were again regarded as the highest models. Thanks to the influence of art historian Johann Joachim Winckelmann his work became a formative influence on Neoclassical painting, but his techniques would later be explicitly and emphatically rejected by groups such as the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood. Provided by Wikipedia
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by Raphael, 1483-1520
[Granada] : Albaicin/Sadea 1966
[Granada] : Albaicin/Sadea 1966
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by Raphael, 1483-1520
London : London Printing and Publishing co., 1860
London : London Printing and Publishing co., 1860
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by Raphael, 1483-1520
Milano, A. Martello 1965
Milano, A. Martello 1965
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by Raphael, 1483-1520
Genova : La Galleria 1982
Genova : La Galleria 1982
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by Raphael, 1483-1520
Città di Castello : Edimond, 2006
Città di Castello : Edimond, 2006
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by Raphael, 1483-1520
Roma : Multigrafica Editrice, 1984
Roma : Multigrafica Editrice, 1984
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9
by Raphael, 1483-1520
Romae, Petrus Mariette, 1649
Romae, Petrus Mariette, 1649
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by Raphael, 1483-1520
München : Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2005
München : Deutscher Kunstverlag, 2005
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by Raphael, 1483-1520
London : Knowledge Publications, 1965
London : Knowledge Publications, 1965
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by Raphael, 1483-1520
Milano : Fratelli Fabbri, 1963
Milano : Fratelli Fabbri, 1963
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by Raphael, 1483-1520
Zürich : Fretz & Wasmuth, 1948
Zürich : Fretz & Wasmuth, 1948
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by Raphael, 1483-1520
London : H.M.S.O., 1950
London : H.M.S.O., 1950
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by Raphael, 1483-1520
Milano : Bompiani, 1947
Milano : Bompiani, 1947
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by Raphael, 1483-1520
Madrid : Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza : ServiRed, 2005
Madrid : Museo Thyssen-Bornemisza : ServiRed, 2005
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by Raphael, 1483-1520
Firenze : Nuova Italia, 1983
Firenze : Nuova Italia, 1983
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by Raphael, 1483-1520
Stuttgart : Reclam-Verlag, 1956
Stuttgart : Reclam-Verlag, 1956
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by Raphael, 1483-1520
[Rome] : typis ac sumptibus Dominici de Rossi Io. Iacobi filii, Romae ..., 1722
[Rome] : typis ac sumptibus Dominici de Rossi Io. Iacobi filii, Romae ..., 1722
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by Raphael, 1483-1520
Strand, [England] : Charles Griffin, 1800
Strand, [England] : Charles Griffin, 1800
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