James Monroe
James Monroe ( ; April 28, 1758July 4, 1831) was an American statesman, lawyer, diplomat, and Founding Father who served as the fifth president of the United States from 1817 to 1825, a member of the Democratic-Republican Party. He was the last Founding Father to serve as president as well as the last president of the Virginia dynasty and the Republican Generation. His presidency coincided with the Era of Good Feelings, concluding the First Party System era of American politics. He issued the Monroe Doctrine, a policy of limiting European colonialism in the Americas. Monroe previously served as governor of Virginia, a member of the United States Senate, U.S. ambassador to France and Britain, the seventh secretary of state, and the eighth secretary of war.During the American Revolutionary War, he served in the Continental Army. Monroe studied law under Thomas Jefferson from 1780 to 1783 and subsequently served as a delegate to the Continental Congress as well as a delegate to the Virginia Ratifying Convention. He opposed the ratification of the United States Constitution. In 1790, Monroe won election to the Senate where he became a leader of the Democratic-Republican Party. He left the Senate in 1794 to serve as President George Washington's ambassador to France but was recalled by Washington in 1796. Monroe won the election as Governor of Virginia in 1799 and strongly supported Jefferson's candidacy in the 1800 presidential election.
As President Jefferson's special envoy, Monroe helped negotiate the Louisiana Purchase, through which the United States nearly doubled in size. Monroe fell out with his longtime friend James Madison after Madison rejected the Monroe–Pinkney Treaty that Monroe negotiated with Britain. He unsuccessfully challenged Madison for the Democratic-Republican nomination in the 1808 presidential election, but he joined Madison's administration as Secretary of State in 1811. During the later stages of the War of 1812, Monroe simultaneously served as Madison's Secretary of State and Secretary of War. Monroe's wartime leadership established him as Madison's heir apparent, and he easily defeated Federalist candidate Rufus King in the 1816 presidential election.
During Monroe's tenure as president, the Federalist Party collapsed as a national political force and Monroe was re-elected, virtually unopposed, in 1820. As president, he signed the Missouri Compromise, which admitted Missouri as a slave state and banned slavery from territories north of the 36°30′ parallel. In foreign affairs, Monroe and Secretary of State John Quincy Adams favored a policy of conciliation with Britain and a policy of expansionism against the Spanish Empire. In the 1819 Adams–Onís Treaty with Spain, the United States secured Florida and established its western border with New Spain. In 1823, Monroe announced the United States' opposition to any European intervention in the recently independent countries of the Americas with the Monroe Doctrine, which became a landmark in American foreign policy. Monroe was a member of the American Colonization Society which supported the colonization of Africa by freed slaves, and Liberia's capital of Monrovia is named in his honor.
Following his retirement in 1825, Monroe was plagued by financial difficulties and died on July 4, 1831, in New York City—sharing a distinction with Presidents John Adams and Thomas Jefferson of dying on the anniversary of U.S. independence. Historians have generally ranked him as an above-average president. Provided by Wikipedia
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by Monroe, James, 1758-1831
New York, 1898
New York, 1898
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Book
2
by Monroe, James, 1758-1831
Charlottesville, Va. : Printed and published by Gilmer, Davis and Co., 1828
Charlottesville, Va. : Printed and published by Gilmer, Davis and Co., 1828
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3
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4
by Monroe, James, 1758-1831
Portland: Gazette Press ... 1813
Portland: Gazette Press ... 1813
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5
by Monroe, James, 1758-1831
New York : G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1898
New York : G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1898
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6
by Monroe, James, 1758-1831
Washington, Government Printing Office, 1904
Washington, Government Printing Office, 1904
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7
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8
by Monroe, James, 1758-1831
[Petersbrg? Va., Hunter and Prentis? 1788
[Petersbrg? Va., Hunter and Prentis? 1788
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9
by Monroe, James, 1758-1831
New York : G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1898
New York : G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1898
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10
by Monroe, James, 1758-1831
Philadelphia : Benj. Franklin Bache, 1797
Philadelphia : Benj. Franklin Bache, 1797
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11
by Monroe, James, 1758-1831
AMS Press, 1969
AMS Press, 1969
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12
by Monroe, James, 1758-1831
[Syracuse] : Syracuse University Press, 1959
[Syracuse] : Syracuse University Press, 1959
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13
by Monroe, James, 1758-1831
[Washington, D.C.] : [pubisher not identified], 1891
[Washington, D.C.] : [pubisher not identified], 1891
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14
by Monroe, James, 1758-1831
Washington : A. & G. Way, printers, 1808
Washington : A. & G. Way, printers, 1808
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15
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Manuscript
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by Monroe, James, 1758-1831
New York : Kraus Reprint Co., 1971
New edition, with corrections and additions.
New York : Kraus Reprint Co., 1971
New edition, with corrections and additions.
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17
by Monroe, James, 1758-1831
Philadelphia: : Printed by and for Benj. Franklin Bache, and to be had at the office of the Aurora, no. 112, Market-Street, 1797
Philadelphia: : Printed by and for Benj. Franklin Bache, and to be had at the office of the Aurora, no. 112, Market-Street, 1797
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18
by Monroe, James, 1758-1831
Petersburg [Va.]: : Printed by Hunter and Prentis., 1788
Petersburg [Va.]: : Printed by Hunter and Prentis., 1788
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Electronic
Book
19
by Monroe, James, 1758-1831
Charlottesville, Virginia : The University of Virginia Press, 2021
Digital edition
Charlottesville, Virginia : The University of Virginia Press, 2021
Digital edition
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20
by Monroe, James, 1758-1831
[Petersburg Va. : s.n., 1788
[Petersburg Va. : s.n., 1788
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Electronic
Book