Caspar David Friedrich
Caspar David Friedrich (5 September 1774 – 7 May 1840) was a German Romantic landscape painter, generally considered the most important German artist of his generation. He is best known for his allegorical landscapes, which typically feature contemplative figures silhouetted against night skies, morning mists, barren trees or Gothic ruins. His primary interest was the contemplation of nature, and his often symbolic and anti-classical work seeks to convey a subjective, emotional response to the natural world. Friedrich's paintings characteristically set a human presence in diminished perspective amid expansive landscapes, reducing the figures to a scale that, according to the art historian Christopher John Murray, directs "the viewer's gaze towards their metaphysical dimension".Friedrich was born in the town of Greifswald on the Baltic Sea in what was at the time Swedish Pomerania. He studied in Copenhagen until 1798, before settling in Dresden. He came of age during a period when, across Europe, a growing disillusionment with materialistic society was giving rise to a new appreciation of spirituality. This shift in ideals was often expressed through a reevaluation of the natural world, as artists such as Friedrich, J. M. W. Turner and John Constable sought to depict nature as a "divine creation, to be set against the artifice of human civilization".
Friedrich's work brought him renown early in his career. Contemporaries such as the French sculptor David d'Angers spoke of him as having discovered "the tragedy of landscape". His work nevertheless fell from favour during his later years, and he died in obscurity. As Germany moved towards modernisation in the late 19th century, a new sense of urgency characterised its art, and Friedrich's contemplative depictions of stillness came to be seen as products of a bygone age.
The early 20th century brought a renewed appreciation of his art, beginning in 1906 with an exhibition of thirty-two of his paintings in Berlin. His work influenced Expressionist artists and later Surrealists and Existentialists. The rise of Nazism in the early 1930s saw a resurgence in Friedrich's popularity, but this was followed by a sharp decline as his paintings were, by association with the Nazi movement, seen as promoting German nationalism. In the late 1970s Friedrich regained his reputation as an icon of the German Romantic movement and a painter of international importance. Provided by Wikipedia
1
by Friedrich, Caspar David, 1774-1840
[Milano] : [Fratelli Fabbri], 1966
[Milano] : [Fratelli Fabbri], 1966
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2
by Friedrich, Caspar David, 1774-1840
Berlin : Frölich & Kaufmann, 1985
Berlin : Frölich & Kaufmann, 1985
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3
by Friedrich, Caspar David, 1774-1840
München : Prestel, 1981
München : Prestel, 1981
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4
by Friedrich, Caspar David, 1774-1840
Paulton, Nr. Bristol [Eng.] : Purnell, 1967
Paulton, Nr. Bristol [Eng.] : Purnell, 1967
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5
by Friedrich, Caspar David, 1774-1840
München : Rogner und Bernhard, 1974
München : Rogner und Bernhard, 1974
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6
by Friedrich, Caspar David, 1774-1840
Stuttgart : Strecker und Schröder, 1922
Stuttgart : Strecker und Schröder, 1922
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7
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8
by Friedrich, Caspar David, 1774-1840
Zwolle : Amsterdam : Waanders ; Hermitage Amsterdam, 2008
Zwolle : Amsterdam : Waanders ; Hermitage Amsterdam, 2008
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9
by Friedrich, Caspar David, 1774-1840
New York : Chicago : New York : Metropolitan Museum of Art ; Art Institute of Chicago ; Distributed by Abrams, 1990
New York : Chicago : New York : Metropolitan Museum of Art ; Art Institute of Chicago ; Distributed by Abrams, 1990
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10
by Friedrich, Caspar David, 1774-1840
Herrsching : Manfred Pawlak, 1978
Herrsching : Manfred Pawlak, 1978
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11
by Friedrich, Caspar David, 1774-1840
Avon, Eng. : Artline Editions, 1988
Avon, Eng. : Artline Editions, 1988
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12
by Friedrich, Caspar David, 1774-1840
Paris : New York, N.Y. : Centre culturel du Marais ; Distributed by Rizzoli, 1984
Paris : New York, N.Y. : Centre culturel du Marais ; Distributed by Rizzoli, 1984
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13
by Friedrich, Caspar David, 1774-1840
Herrsching : M. Pawlak, 1978
Herrsching : M. Pawlak, 1978
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15
16
by Friedrich, Caspar David, 1774-1840
Paris : New York, N.Y : Centre Culturel du Marais, Guillaud Editions ; ditributed by Rizzoli, 1984
Paris : New York, N.Y : Centre Culturel du Marais, Guillaud Editions ; ditributed by Rizzoli, 1984
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17
by Friedrich, Caspar David, 1774-1840
Dresden : VEB Verlag der Kunst, 1985
Dresden : VEB Verlag der Kunst, 1985
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18
by Friedrich, Caspar David, 1774-1840
Königstein im Taunus : Verlag Der Eiserne Hammer, 1942
Königstein im Taunus : Verlag Der Eiserne Hammer, 1942
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19
by Friedrich, Caspar David, 1774-1840
Paris : Centre Culturel du Marais, 1984
Paris : Centre Culturel du Marais, 1984
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20
by Friedrich, Caspar David, 1774-1840
Stockholm : Nationalmuseum, 2009
Stockholm : Nationalmuseum, 2009
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