Ralph Waldo Emerson
Ralph Waldo Emerson (May 25, 1803April 27, 1882), who went by his middle name Waldo, was an American essayist, lecturer, philosopher, abolitionist, and poet who led the Transcendentalist movement of the mid-19th century. He was seen as a champion of individualism and critical thinking, as well as a prescient critic of the countervailing pressures of society and conformity. Friedrich Nietzsche thought he was "the most gifted of the Americans", and Walt Whitman called him his "master".Emerson gradually moved away from the religious and social beliefs of his contemporaries, formulating and expressing the philosophy of Transcendentalism in his 1836 essay "Nature". Following this work, he gave a speech entitled "The American Scholar" in 1837, which Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr. considered to be America's "intellectual Declaration of Independence."
Emerson wrote most of his important essays as lectures first and then revised them for print. His first two collections of essays, ''Essays: First Series'' (1841) and ''Essays: Second Series'' (1844), represent the core of his thinking. They include the well-known essays "Self-Reliance", "The Over-Soul", "Circles", "The Poet", and "Experience". Together with "Nature", these essays made the decade from the mid-1830s to the mid-1840s Emerson's most fertile period. Emerson wrote on a number of subjects, never espousing fixed philosophical tenets, but developing certain ideas such as individuality, freedom, the ability for mankind to realize almost anything, and the relationship between the soul and the surrounding world. Emerson's "nature" was more philosophical than naturalistic: "Philosophically considered, the universe is composed of Nature and the Soul." Emerson is one of several figures who "took a more pantheist or pandeist approach by rejecting views of God as separate from the world."
He remains among the linchpins of the American romantic movement, and his work has greatly influenced the thinkers, writers and poets that followed him. "In all my lectures", he wrote, "I have taught one doctrine, namely, the infinitude of the private man." Emerson is also well known as a mentor and friend of Henry David Thoreau, a fellow Transcendentalist. Provided by Wikipedia
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by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
Roslyn, N.Y., W.J. Black 1941
Roslyn, N.Y., W.J. Black 1941
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by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
Cambridge, MA : Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1964
Cambridge, MA : Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1964
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by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
Boston : J. Munroe and company, 1845
Other Authors:
“...Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882...”Boston : J. Munroe and company, 1845
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by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
Boston : Ticknor and Fields, 1866
Boston : Ticknor and Fields, 1866
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by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
New York : Carlton House, 1900
New York : Carlton House, 1900
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by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
New York : Penguin books, inc., 1947
New York : Penguin books, inc., 1947
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by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
New York: Literary Classics of the United States: Distributed by the Viking Press, 1983
New York: Literary Classics of the United States: Distributed by the Viking Press, 1983
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by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
Beckleysville, Md. : G.W. Zouck, 2008
Beckleysville, Md. : G.W. Zouck, 2008
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by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
New York : A.S. Barnes, 1940
New York : A.S. Barnes, 1940
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by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
London : G. Bell, 1913
London : G. Bell, 1913
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by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
Boston, 1878
Boston, 1878
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by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
Reading, Mass. : Newton Dillaway books, 1940
Reading, Mass. : Newton Dillaway books, 1940
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by Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882
Boston : Fields, Osgood & co., 1870
Boston : Fields, Osgood & co., 1870
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