Demosthenes
Demosthenes (; ; ; 384 – 12 October 322 BC) was a Greek statesman and orator in ancient Athens. His orations constitute a significant expression of contemporary Athenian intellectual prowess and provide insight into the politics and culture of ancient Greece during the 4th century BC. Demosthenes learned rhetoric by studying the speeches of previous great orators. He delivered his first judicial speeches at the age of 20, in which he successfully argued that he should gain from his guardians what was left of his inheritance. For a time, Demosthenes made his living as a professional speechwriter (logographer) and a lawyer, writing speeches for use in private legal suits.Demosthenes grew interested in politics during his time as a logographer, and in 354 BC he gave his first public political speeches. He went on to devote his most productive years to opposing Macedon's expansion. He idealized his city and strove throughout his life to restore Athens' supremacy and motivate his compatriots against Philip II of Macedon. He sought to preserve his city's freedom and to establish an alliance against Macedon, in an unsuccessful attempt to impede Philip's plans to expand his influence southward, conquering the Greek states.
After Philip's death, Demosthenes played a leading part in his city's uprising against the new king of Macedonia, Alexander the Great. However, his efforts failed, and the revolt was met with a harsh Macedonian reaction. To prevent a similar revolt against his own rule, Alexander's successor in this region, Antipater, sent his men to track Demosthenes down. Demosthenes killed himself to avoid being arrested by Archias of Thurii, Antipater's confidant.
The ''Alexandrian Canon'', compiled by Aristophanes of Byzantium and Aristarchus of Samothrace, called Demosthenes one of the ten greatest Attic orators and logographers. Longinus likened Demosthenes to a blazing thunderbolt and argued that he had "perfected to the utmost the tone of lofty speech, living passions, copiousness, readiness, speed." Quintilian extolled him as ("the standard of oratory"). Cicero said of him that ("one exceeds among all"), and also praised him as "the perfect orator" who lacked nothing. Provided by Wikipedia
1
by Demosthenes, Demosthenes, Demosthenes
Cambridge, Mass. :; London : Harvard University Press; W. Heinemann 1962
Cambridge, Mass. :; London : Harvard University Press; W. Heinemann 1962
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2
by Demosthenes
Boston : Ginn and Company, 1890
Other Authors:
“...Demosthenes...”Boston : Ginn and Company, 1890
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5
by Demosthenes
Leipzig, 1873
Leipzig, 1873
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6
by Demosthenes
Oxonii : e typographeo Clarendoniano 1966
Oxonii : e typographeo Clarendoniano 1966
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7
by Demosthenes
Oxford, Clarendon Press 1958
Oxford, Clarendon Press 1958
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8
by Demosthenes
Paris : Sociéte d'édition "Les Belles lettres", 1955
Paris : Sociéte d'édition "Les Belles lettres", 1955
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9
by Demosthenes
Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1953
Cambridge, Harvard University Press, 1953
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10
by Demosthenes
London, Printed by A. J. Valpy; H. Colburn and R. Bentley, 1830
London, Printed by A. J. Valpy; H. Colburn and R. Bentley, 1830
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11
by Demosthenes
Oxonii, 1903
Other Authors:
“...Demosthenes...”Oxonii, 1903
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12
by Demosthenes
Oxford : Clarendon press, 1903
Other Authors:
“...Demosthenes...”Oxford : Clarendon press, 1903
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by Demosthenes
Lond., 1887
Lond., 1887
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by Demosthenes
London, 1897
London, 1897
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17
by Demosthenes
Leipzig, 1829
Other Authors:
“...Demosthenes...”Leipzig, 1829
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18
by Demosthenes
London, G. Bell & Daldy, 1855
London, G. Bell & Daldy, 1855
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by Demosthenes
New York : Harper, 1880
New York : Harper, 1880
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