Aaron Copland

Aaron Copland Aaron Copland (, ; November 14, 1900December 2, 1990) was an American composer, critic, writer, teacher, pianist, and conductor of his own and other American music. Copland was referred to by his peers and critics as the "Dean of American Composers". The open, slowly changing harmonies in much of his music are typical of what many consider the sound of American music, evoking the vast American landscape and pioneer spirit. He is best known for the works he wrote in the 1930s and 1940s in a deliberately accessible style often referred to as "populist" and which he called his "vernacular" style. Works in this vein include the ballets ''Appalachian Spring'', ''Billy the Kid'' and ''Rodeo'', his ''Fanfare for the Common Man'' and Third Symphony. In addition to his ballets and orchestral works, he produced music in many other genres, including chamber music, vocal works, opera, and film scores.

After some initial studies with composer Rubin Goldmark, Copland traveled to Paris, where he first studied with Isidor Philipp and Paul Vidal, then with noted pedagogue Nadia Boulanger. He studied three years with Boulanger, whose eclectic approach to music inspired his own broad taste. Determined upon his return to the U.S. to make his way as a full-time composer, Copland gave lecture-recitals, wrote works on commission and did some teaching and writing. But he found that composing orchestral music in a modernist style, which he had adopted while studying abroad, was unprofitable, particularly in light of the Great Depression. He shifted in the mid-1930s to a more accessible musical style that mirrored the German idea of ("music for use"), music that could serve utilitarian and artistic purposes. During the Depression years, he traveled extensively to Europe, Africa, and Mexico, formed an important friendship with Mexican composer Carlos Chávez, and began composing his signature works.

During the late 1940s, Copland became aware that Stravinsky and other fellow composers had begun to study Arnold Schoenberg's use of twelve-tone (serial) techniques. After he had been exposed to the works of French composer Pierre Boulez, he incorporated serial techniques into his ''Piano Quartet'' (1950), ''Piano Fantasy'' (1957), ''Connotations'' for orchestra (1961), and ''Inscape'' for orchestra (1967). Unlike Schoenberg, Copland used his tone rows in much the same fashion as his tonal material—as sources for melodies and harmonies, rather than as complete statements in their own right, except for crucial events from a structural point of view. From the 1960s onward, Copland's activities turned more from composing to conducting. He became a frequent guest conductor of orchestras in the U.S. and the UK and made a series of recordings of his music, primarily for Columbia Records. Provided by Wikipedia
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by Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990, Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990
Vienna : Paladino Music, 2014
Other Authors: ...Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990...

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2
by Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990, Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990
[Colchester, Essex, England] : Chandos, 2018
Other Authors: ...Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990...

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3
by Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990, Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990
[Colchester, Essex, England] : Chandos, 2018
Other Authors: ...Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990...

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4
by Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990, Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990
New York, NY : Boosey & Hawkes, 2013
Full score.
Other Authors: ...Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990...

Musical Score Book
5
by Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990, Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990
[New York] : Boosey & Hawkes, 2015
Other Authors: ...Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990...

Musical Score Book
6
by Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990
[S.l.] : Hollywood, Calif. : EMI ; Manufactured for Angel Records by Capitol, 1988
Other Authors: ...Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990...

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7
by Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990
[Hollywood, Calif.] : Indianapolis, Ind. : Angel/EMI ; Manufactured for BMG Direct Marketing, 1986
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8
by Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990
Universal City : MCA Westminster, 1980
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9
by Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990
Beverly Hills, CA : Sweet Thunder, 1980
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10
by Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990
London; New York : Boosey & Hawkes 1962

Musical Score Book
11
by Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990
London; New York : Boosey & Hawkes 1968

Musical Score Book
12
by Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990
New York : Boosey & Hawkes, 1957

Musical Score Book
13
by Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990
London; New York : Boosey & Hawkes 1970

Musical Score Book
14
by Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990
[London] ; [New York] : Boosey and Hawkes 1946

Musical Score Book
15
by Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990
London ; New York : Boosey & Hawkes, 1963

Musical Score Book
16
by Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990
London; New York : Boosey & Hawkes 1960

Musical Score Book
17
by Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990
Ocean, N.J. : MusicMasters, 1989
Other Authors: ...Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990...

Audio
18
by Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990
Ocean, N.J. : Musical Heritage Society, 1991

Audio
19
by Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990
Columbia 1714; 1972

Audio
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by Copland, Aaron, 1900-1990
[United States?] : Boosey & Hawkes, 1989

Musical Score Book