Osama bin Laden
Osama bin Mohammed bin Awad bin Laden (; 10 March 19572 May 2011) was a Saudi Arabian-born Islamic dissident and militant leader who was the founder and first general emir of al-Qaeda from 1988 until his death in 2011. Ideologically a pan-Islamist, he participated in the Afghan Jihad against the Soviet Union and supported the activities of the Bosnian mujahideen during the Yugoslav Wars. Bin Laden is most widely known as the mastermind of the September 11 attacks in the United States.Osama was born in Riyadh to the aristocratic bin Laden family. He studied at local universities until 1979, when he joined the Afghan mujahidin against the Soviet Union in the wake of the Afghan–Soviet War. In 1984, he co-founded Maktab al-Khidamat which recruited foreign mujahidin into the war. He founded al-Qaeda in 1988 for worldwide ''jihad''. In the Gulf War (1990–1991), Bin Laden's offer for support against Iraq was rebuked by the Saudi royal family, which instead sought American aid. Bin Laden's views on pan-Islamism and anti-Americanism resulted in his expulsion from Saudi Arabia in 1991. He subsequently shifted his headquarters to Sudan until 1996 when he left the country to establish a new base in Afghanistan, where he was supported by the Taliban. Bin Laden declared two ''fatawa'', the first in August 1996, and the second in February 1998, declaring holy war against the United States. He orchestrated the 1998 United States embassy bombings in East Africa. He was then listed on the FBI's Most Wanted Terrorists and Most Wanted Fugitives lists. In October 1999, the United Nations designated al-Qaeda as a terrorist organization.
Bin Laden was the organizer of the September 11 attacks, which killed nearly 3,000 people. This resulted in the United States invading Afghanistan, which launched the war on terror. Bin Laden became the subject of nearly a decade-long multi-national manhunt led by the United States. During this period, he hid in several mountainous regions of Afghanistan and later escaped to neighboring Pakistan. On 2 May 2011, Bin Laden was killed by US special operations forces at his compound in Abbottabad. His corpse was buried at the Arabian Sea and he was officially succeeded by his deputy Ayman al-Zawahiri on 16 June 2011.
Bin Laden grew to become an influential ideologue who inspired several Islamist organizations. He was considered a war hero due to his role in successfully opposing the Soviet occupation of Afghanistan and offered an articulate voice and organizational structure to many across the region harboring grievances against Western imperialism, often having approval ratings in some countries higher than those of national leaders. Nonetheless, his justification and orchestration of attacks against civilian targets in the United States, including the September 11 attacks, have made him a hated figure in the West, where public opinion largely views Bin Laden as a figurehead of mass murder. Provided by Wikipedia
1
by Bin Laden, Osama, 1957-2011
Alexandria, Va. : Tempest Pub., 2008
Alexandria, Va. : Tempest Pub., 2008
//IF NOT LOGGED IN - FORCE LOGIN ?> //ELSE THEY ARE LOGGED IN PROCEED WITH THE OPEN URL CODE:?>
Book
2
3
4
by Bin Laden, Osama, 1957-2011
[Washington, D.C.] : [U.S. Dept. of Defense], 2001
[Washington, D.C.] : [U.S. Dept. of Defense], 2001
This item is not available through EZBorrow. Please contact your institution’s interlibrary loan office for further assistance.
Government Document
Book
5
by Bin Laden, Osama, 1957-2011
London ; New York : Verso, 2005
London ; New York : Verso, 2005
//IF NOT LOGGED IN - FORCE LOGIN ?> //ELSE THEY ARE LOGGED IN PROCEED WITH THE OPEN URL CODE:?>
Book
6
by Ismāʻīl, Jamāl ʻAbd al-Laṭīf
London : al-Marṣad al-Iʻlāmī al-Islāmī, 2000
al-Ṭabʻah 1.
Other Authors:
“...Bin Laden, Osama, 1957-2011...”London : al-Marṣad al-Iʻlāmī al-Islāmī, 2000
al-Ṭabʻah 1.
//IF NOT LOGGED IN - FORCE LOGIN ?> //ELSE THEY ARE LOGGED IN PROCEED WITH THE OPEN URL CODE:?>
Book
7
al-Qāhirah : al-Manār al-Jadīd, 1991
al-Ṭabʻah 1.
Other Authors:
“...Bin Laden, Osama, 1957-2011...”al-Ṭabʻah 1.
This item is not available through EZBorrow. Please contact your institution’s interlibrary loan office for further assistance.
Book
8
9
10
11
New York : Doubleday, 2007
Other Authors:
“...Bin Laden, Osama, 1957-2011...”This item is not available through EZBorrow. Please contact your institution’s interlibrary loan office for further assistance.
Book
12
13
14
by ʻAlī, ʻAbd al-Raḥīm, 1963-
al-Qāhirah : Markaz al-Maḥrūsah lil-Nashr wa-al-Khadamāt al-Ṣuḥufīyah wa-al-Maʻlūmāt bi-al-ishtirāk maʻa Mashrūʻ Kitāb al-Markaz al-ʻArabī li-Dirāsat al-Ḥarakāt al-Islāmīyah, 2007
al-Ṭabʻah 1.
Other Authors:
“...Bin Laden, Osama, 1957-2011...”al-Qāhirah : Markaz al-Maḥrūsah lil-Nashr wa-al-Khadamāt al-Ṣuḥufīyah wa-al-Maʻlūmāt bi-al-ishtirāk maʻa Mashrūʻ Kitāb al-Markaz al-ʻArabī li-Dirāsat al-Ḥarakāt al-Islāmīyah, 2007
al-Ṭabʻah 1.
This item is not available through EZBorrow. Please contact your institution’s interlibrary loan office for further assistance.
Book
15
by ʻAlī, ʻAbd al-Raḥīm, 1963-
al-Maʻādī, al-Qāhirah : Markaz al-Maḥrūsah lil-Nashr wa-al-Khadamāt al-Ṣuḥufīyah wa-al-Maʻlūmāt, 2004
al-Ṭabʻah 1.
Other Authors:
“...Bin Laden, Osama, 1957-2011...”al-Maʻādī, al-Qāhirah : Markaz al-Maḥrūsah lil-Nashr wa-al-Khadamāt al-Ṣuḥufīyah wa-al-Maʻlūmāt, 2004
al-Ṭabʻah 1.
//IF NOT LOGGED IN - FORCE LOGIN ?> //ELSE THEY ARE LOGGED IN PROCEED WITH THE OPEN URL CODE:?>
Book
16
17
18