Richard Wagner
Wilhelm Richard Wagner ( ; ; 22 May 181313 February 1883) was a German composer, theatre director, polemicist, and conductor who is chiefly known for his operas (or, as some of his mature works were later known, "music dramas"). Unlike most opera composers, Wagner wrote both the libretto and the music for each of his stage works. Initially establishing his reputation as a composer of works in the romantic vein of Carl Maria von Weber and Giacomo Meyerbeer, Wagner revolutionised opera through his concept of the ''Gesamtkunstwerk'' ("total work of art"), by which he sought to synthesise the poetic, visual, musical and dramatic arts, with music subsidiary to drama. He described this vision in a series of essays published between 1849 and 1852. Wagner realised these ideas most fully in the first half of the four-opera cycle ''Der Ring des Nibelungen'' (''The Ring of the Nibelung'').His compositions, particularly those of his later period, are notable for their complex textures, rich harmonies and orchestration, and the elaborate use of leitmotifs—musical phrases associated with individual characters, places, ideas, or plot elements. His advances in musical language, such as extreme chromaticism and quickly shifting tonal centres, greatly influenced the development of classical music. His ''Tristan und Isolde'' is sometimes described as marking the start of modern music.
Wagner had his own opera house built, the Bayreuth Festspielhaus, which embodied many novel design features. The ''Ring'' and ''Parsifal'' were premiered here and his most important stage works continue to be performed at the annual Bayreuth Festival, which was galvanized by the efforts of his wife Cosima Wagner and the family's descendants. His thoughts on the relative contributions of music and drama in opera were to change again, and he reintroduced some traditional forms into his last few stage works, including ''Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg'' (''The Mastersingers of Nuremberg'').
Until his final years, Wagner's life was characterised by political exile, turbulent love affairs, poverty and repeated flight from his creditors. His controversial writings on music, drama and politics have attracted extensive comment – particularly since the late 20th century, as they express antisemitic sentiments. The effect of his ideas can be traced in many of the arts throughout the 20th century; his influence spread beyond composition into conducting, philosophy, literature, the visual arts and theatre.
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101
102
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
London 1969
London 1969
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Audio
103
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
London : New York : Ernst Eulenburg ; Eulenburg, 1900
London : New York : Ernst Eulenburg ; Eulenburg, 1900
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Musical Score
Book
104
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Seraphim 1972; 1953
Other Authors:
“...Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883...”Seraphim 1972; 1953
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Audio
105
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Hamburg : PILZ Acanta, 1992
Hamburg : PILZ Acanta, 1992
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Audio
106
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Seraphim 1970
Seraphim 1970
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Audio
107
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Germany : Historia Top Classic, 1971
Germany : Historia Top Classic, 1971
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Audio
108
109
110
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
New York : Dover Publications 1973; 1911
New York : Dover Publications 1973; 1911
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Musical Score
Book
111
112
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Berlin : C. F. Meser, 1880
Berlin : C. F. Meser, 1880
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Musical Score
Book
113
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Leipzig : VEB Deutscher Verlag für Musik, 1967
Leipzig : VEB Deutscher Verlag für Musik, 1967
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Book
114
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
[Stuttgart] : EuroArts, 2006
[Stuttgart] : EuroArts, 2006
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Unknown
115
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
London ; New York : E. Eulenburg, 1900
London ; New York : E. Eulenburg, 1900
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Musical Score
Book
116
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
New York : G. Schirmer 1906
New York : G. Schirmer 1906
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Musical Score
Book
117
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Angel 1964
Angel 1964
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Audio
118
by Wagner, Richard 1813-1883
New York, G. Schirmer, 1897
New York, G. Schirmer, 1897
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Musical Score
Book
119
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
[S.l.] : EMI Classics, 1993
[S.l.] : EMI Classics, 1993
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Conference Proceeding
Audio
120
by Wagner, Richard, 1813-1883
Melville, N.Y. : Belwin Mills, 1980
Melville, N.Y. : Belwin Mills, 1980
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Musical Score
Book