Molière
Jean-Baptiste Poquelin (; 15 January 1622 (baptised) – 17 February 1673), known by his stage name Molière (, , ), was a French playwright, actor, and poet, widely regarded as one of the great writers in the French language and world literature. His extant works include comedies, farces, tragicomedies, comédie-ballets, and more. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed at the Comédie-Française more often than those of any other playwright today. His influence is such that the French language is often referred to as the "language of Molière".Born into a prosperous family and having studied at the Collège de Clermont (now Lycée Louis-le-Grand), Molière was well suited to begin a life in the theatre. Thirteen years as an itinerant actor helped him polish his comedic abilities while he began writing, combining Commedia dell'arte elements with the more refined French comedy.
Through the patronage of aristocrats including Philippe I, Duke of Orléans—the brother of Louis XIV—Molière procured a command performance before the King at the Louvre. Performing a classic play by Pierre Corneille and a farce of his own, ''The Doctor in Love'', Molière was granted the use of salle du Petit-Bourbon near the Louvre, a spacious room appointed for theatrical performances. Later, he was granted the use of the theatre in the Palais-Royal. In both locations, Molière found success among Parisians with plays such as ''The Affected Ladies'', ''The School for Husbands'', and ''The School for Wives''. This royal favour brought a royal pension to his troupe and the title ''Troupe du Roi'' ("The King's Troupe"). Molière continued as the official author of court entertainments.
Despite the adulation of the court and Parisians, Molière's satires attracted criticism from other circles. For ''Tartuffe's'' impiety, the Catholic Church in France denounced this study of religious hypocrisy, which was followed by a ban by the Parlement, while ''Dom Juan'' was withdrawn and never restaged by Molière. His hard work in so many theatrical capacities took its toll on his health and, by 1667, he was forced to take a break from the stage. In 1673, during a production of his final play, ''The Imaginary Invalid'', Molière, who suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis, was seized by a coughing fit and a haemorrhage while playing the hypochondriac Argan; he finished the performance but collapsed again and died a few hours later. Provided by Wikipedia
161
by Molière, 1622-1673
Nürnberg : zufinden bey Johann Daniel Tauber, 1694
Nürnberg : zufinden bey Johann Daniel Tauber, 1694
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162
by Molière, 1622-1673
[Amsterdam] : [Widow of Daniel Elzevier] : Suivant la copie imprimée a Paris, 1681
[Amsterdam] : [Widow of Daniel Elzevier] : Suivant la copie imprimée a Paris, 1681
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163
by Molière, 1622-1673
A Amsterdam : Chez Jaques le Jeune [that is, Daniel Elzevier], 1679
A Amsterdam : Chez Jaques le Jeune [that is, Daniel Elzevier], 1679
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164
by Molière, 1622-1673
[Place of publication not identified] : [publisher not identified], 1951
[Place of publication not identified] : [publisher not identified], 1951
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165
by Molière, 1622-1673
Franklin Center, PA : Franklin Library, 1985
Franklin Center, PA : Franklin Library, 1985
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166
by Molière, 1622-1673
Valladolid : Imprenta Castellana, 1922
Valladolid : Imprenta Castellana, 1922
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167
by Molière, 1622-1673
Paris : Tresse, libraire-'editeur ..., 1859
Paris : Tresse, libraire-'editeur ..., 1859
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168
by Molière, 1622-1673
Paris : Éditions René Kieffer, relieur d'art, 18, rue Séguier, 1921
Paris : Éditions René Kieffer, relieur d'art, 18, rue Séguier, 1921
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169
by Molière, 1622-1673
[Amsterdam] : [Daniel Elzevier] : Suivant la copie imprimée a Paris, 1674
[Amsterdam] : [Daniel Elzevier] : Suivant la copie imprimée a Paris, 1674
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170
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171
by Molière, 1622-1673
Birmingham : Combridge, 1967
Birmingham : Combridge, 1967
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172
by Molière, 1622-1673
Leipzig : Friedrich, 1880
Leipzig : Friedrich, 1880
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173
by Molière, 1622-1673
Boston, [publisher not identified], 1909
Boston, [publisher not identified], 1909
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174
175
by Molière, 1622-1673
Paris : Charpentier, 1873
Édition variorum, ornée du portrait de Molière d'après l'original de Coypel.
Paris : Charpentier, 1873
Édition variorum, ornée du portrait de Molière d'après l'original de Coypel.
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176
by Molière, 1622-1673
[Amsterdam] : [Daniel Elzevier] : Suivant la copie imprimée a Paris, 1679
[Amsterdam] : [Daniel Elzevier] : Suivant la copie imprimée a Paris, 1679
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177
by Molière, 1622-1673
[Amsterdam] : [Daniel Elzevier] : Suivant la copie imprimée a Paris, 1679
[Amsterdam] : [Daniel Elzevier] : Suivant la copie imprimée a Paris, 1679
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178
by Molière, 1622-1673
Barcelona : Por Juan Francisco Piferrer, vendese en su libreria administrada por Juan Sellent, y en Madrid en la de Quiroga, 1760
Barcelona : Por Juan Francisco Piferrer, vendese en su libreria administrada por Juan Sellent, y en Madrid en la de Quiroga, 1760
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179
by Molière, 1622-1673
London : Printed by and for John Watts ..., 1739
London : Printed by and for John Watts ..., 1739
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180
by Molière, 1622-1673
London : printed by and for John Watts, 1748
London : printed by and for John Watts, 1748
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