Molière
Jean-Baptiste Poquelin (; 15 January 1622 (baptised) – 17 February 1673), known by his stage name Molière (, , ), was a French playwright, actor, and poet, widely regarded as one of the great writers in the French language and world literature. His extant works include comedies, farces, tragicomedies, comédie-ballets, and more. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed at the Comédie-Française more often than those of any other playwright today. His influence is such that the French language is often referred to as the "language of Molière".Born into a prosperous family and having studied at the Collège de Clermont (now Lycée Louis-le-Grand), Molière was well suited to begin a life in the theatre. Thirteen years as an itinerant actor helped him polish his comedic abilities while he began writing, combining Commedia dell'arte elements with the more refined French comedy.
Through the patronage of aristocrats including Philippe I, Duke of Orléans—the brother of Louis XIV—Molière procured a command performance before the King at the Louvre. Performing a classic play by Pierre Corneille and a farce of his own, ''The Doctor in Love'', Molière was granted the use of salle du Petit-Bourbon near the Louvre, a spacious room appointed for theatrical performances. Later, he was granted the use of the theatre in the Palais-Royal. In both locations, Molière found success among Parisians with plays such as ''The Affected Ladies'', ''The School for Husbands'', and ''The School for Wives''. This royal favour brought a royal pension to his troupe and the title ''Troupe du Roi'' ("The King's Troupe"). Molière continued as the official author of court entertainments.
Despite the adulation of the court and Parisians, Molière's satires attracted criticism from other circles. For ''Tartuffe's'' impiety, the Catholic Church in France denounced this study of religious hypocrisy, which was followed by a ban by the Parlement, while ''Dom Juan'' was withdrawn and never restaged by Molière. His hard work in so many theatrical capacities took its toll on his health and, by 1667, he was forced to take a break from the stage. In 1673, during a production of his final play, ''The Imaginary Invalid'', Molière, who suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis, was seized by a coughing fit and a haemorrhage while playing the hypochondriac Argan; he finished the performance but collapsed again and died a few hours later. Provided by Wikipedia
101
by Molière, 1622-1673
Paris : Société les Belles Lettres, 1935
Paris : Société les Belles Lettres, 1935
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102
103
by Molière, 1622-1673
London, New York, Dent; Dutton 1962
London, New York, Dent; Dutton 1962
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104
by Molière, 1622-1673
Paris, Garnier frères, 1862
Nouvelle édition accompagnée de notes tirées de tous les commentateurs avec des remarques nouvelles par Félix Lemaistre,
Paris, Garnier frères, 1862
Nouvelle édition accompagnée de notes tirées de tous les commentateurs avec des remarques nouvelles par Félix Lemaistre,
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105
by Molière, 1622-1673
San Francisco : The Arion Press, 2004
San Francisco : The Arion Press, 2004
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106
by Molière, 1622-1673
[Paris] : Pocket, 1994
[Paris] : Pocket, 1994
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107
by Molière, 1622-1673
London : N. Hern Books in association with the Royal Shakespeare Company, 1996
London : N. Hern Books in association with the Royal Shakespeare Company, 1996
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108
by Molière, 1622-1673
Oxford, B. Blackwell, 1966
Oxford, B. Blackwell, 1966
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109
by Molière, 1622-1673
Paris : Librairie Larousse, 1942
Paris : Librairie Larousse, 1942
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110
by Molière, 1622-1673
London, Heinemann Educational Books 1970
London, Heinemann Educational Books 1970
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111
by Molière, 1622-1673
Genève : Droz, 1950
Genève : Droz, 1950
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112
by Molière, 1622-1673
Paris : Bordas, 1970
Other Authors:
“...Molière, 1622-1673...”Paris : Bordas, 1970
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113
by Molière, 1622-1673
Dublin : Boston : Maunsel ; J. W. Luce, 1911
Dublin : Boston : Maunsel ; J. W. Luce, 1911
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114
115
by Molière, 1622-1673
London : Bristol Classical Press, 1994
Other Authors:
“...Molière, 1622-1673...”London : Bristol Classical Press, 1994
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116
by Molière, 1622-1673
Paris, Société Les Belles lettres, 1939
Paris, Société Les Belles lettres, 1939
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117
by Molière, 1622-1673
[Paris] : Larousse, 1963
[Paris] : Larousse, 1963
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118
by Molière, 1622-1673
London : Oberon Books, 1998
London : Oberon Books, 1998
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119
by Molière, 1622-1673
[Turkey] : Cumhuriyet, 2000
[Turkey] : Cumhuriyet, 2000
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120
by Molière, 1622-1673
New York, N.Y. : Dramatists Play Service, 1993
New York, N.Y. : Dramatists Play Service, 1993
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