Molière
Jean-Baptiste Poquelin (; 15 January 1622 (baptised) – 17 February 1673), known by his stage name Molière (, , ), was a French playwright, actor, and poet, widely regarded as one of the great writers in the French language and world literature. His extant works include comedies, farces, tragicomedies, comédie-ballets, and more. His plays have been translated into every major living language and are performed at the Comédie-Française more often than those of any other playwright today. His influence is such that the French language is often referred to as the "language of Molière".Born into a prosperous family and having studied at the Collège de Clermont (now Lycée Louis-le-Grand), Molière was well suited to begin a life in the theatre. Thirteen years as an itinerant actor helped him polish his comedic abilities while he began writing, combining Commedia dell'arte elements with the more refined French comedy.
Through the patronage of aristocrats including Philippe I, Duke of Orléans—the brother of Louis XIV—Molière procured a command performance before the King at the Louvre. Performing a classic play by Pierre Corneille and a farce of his own, ''The Doctor in Love'', Molière was granted the use of salle du Petit-Bourbon near the Louvre, a spacious room appointed for theatrical performances. Later, he was granted the use of the theatre in the Palais-Royal. In both locations, Molière found success among Parisians with plays such as ''The Affected Ladies'', ''The School for Husbands'', and ''The School for Wives''. This royal favour brought a royal pension to his troupe and the title ''Troupe du Roi'' ("The King's Troupe"). Molière continued as the official author of court entertainments.
Despite the adulation of the court and Parisians, Molière's satires attracted criticism from other circles. For ''Tartuffe's'' impiety, the Catholic Church in France denounced this study of religious hypocrisy, which was followed by a ban by the Parlement, while ''Dom Juan'' was withdrawn and never restaged by Molière. His hard work in so many theatrical capacities took its toll on his health and, by 1667, he was forced to take a break from the stage. In 1673, during a production of his final play, ''The Imaginary Invalid'', Molière, who suffered from pulmonary tuberculosis, was seized by a coughing fit and a haemorrhage while playing the hypochondriac Argan; he finished the performance but collapsed again and died a few hours later. Provided by Wikipedia
41
by Molière, 1622-1673
Paris, Bibliothèqui Nationale, 1882
Paris, Bibliothèqui Nationale, 1882
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42
by Molière, 1622-1673
London ; New York : Oxford University Press, 1956
London ; New York : Oxford University Press, 1956
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43
by Molière, 1622-1673
Boston, D.C. Heath 1947
Boston, D.C. Heath 1947
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44
by Molière, 1622-1673
London : Macmillan, 1891
London : Macmillan, 1891
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45
by Molière, 1622-1673
Paris : Larousse, 1964
Paris : Larousse, 1964
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46
by Molière, 1622-1673
London : Nick Hern Books, 2005
London : Nick Hern Books, 2005
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47
by Molière, 1622-1673
Paris : Librairie Larousse 1933
Paris : Librairie Larousse 1933
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48
by Molière, 1622-1673
Boston, London, Ginn & Company, 1895
Boston, London, Ginn & Company, 1895
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49
by Molière, 1622-1673
Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall 1966
Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall 1966
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50
by Molière, 1622-1673
New York, Boston, Holt & Williams [etc.]; S.R. Urbino, 1872
New York, Boston, Holt & Williams [etc.]; S.R. Urbino, 1872
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51
by Molière, 1622-1673
Boston, D.C. Heath 1947
Boston, D.C. Heath 1947
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52
by Molière, 1622-1673
Paris, Librairie de la Bibliothèque nationale, 1884
Paris, Librairie de la Bibliothèque nationale, 1884
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53
by Molière, 1622-1673
Paris : Librairie Larousse, 1933
Paris : Librairie Larousse, 1933
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54
by Molière, 1622-1673
1999
Other Authors:
“...Molière, 1622-1673...”1999
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Unknown
55
by Molière, 1622-1673
Boston : Heath & Co., 1908
Boston : Heath & Co., 1908
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56
by Molière, 1622-1673
Chicago, Ill. : Dramatic Publishing Co., 1981
Chicago, Ill. : Dramatic Publishing Co., 1981
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57
by Molière, 1622-1673
Paris : Bookking International, 1994
Paris : Bookking International, 1994
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58
by Molière, 1622-1673
Paris : Bordas, 1969
Paris : Bordas, 1969
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59
by Molière, 1622-1673
Paris : Societe les Belles Lettres, 1950
Paris : Societe les Belles Lettres, 1950
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60
by Molière, 1622-1673
New York : Dramatists Play Service, 1999
New York : Dramatists Play Service, 1999
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