John Hay
![Hay in 1897](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/99/John_Hay%2C_bw_photo_portrait%2C_1897.jpg)
Born in Salem, Indiana to an anti-slavery family that moved to Warsaw, Illinois, Hay showed great potential from an early age, and his family sent him to Brown University. After graduation in 1858, Hay read law in his uncle's office in Springfield, Illinois, adjacent to that of Lincoln. Hay worked for Lincoln's successful presidential campaign and became one of his private secretaries in the White House. Throughout the American Civil War, Hay was close to Lincoln and stood by his deathbed after the President was shot. In addition to his other literary works, Hay co-authored, with John George Nicolay, a ten-volume biography of Lincoln that helped shape the assassinated president's historical image.
After Lincoln's death, Hay spent several years at diplomatic posts in Europe, then worked for the ''New-York Tribune'' under Horace Greeley and Whitelaw Reid. Hay remained active in politics, and from 1879 to 1881 served as Assistant Secretary of State. Afterward, he returned to the private sector, remaining there until President McKinley, of whom he had been a major backer, made him the Ambassador to the United Kingdom in 1897. Hay became the Secretary of State the following year.
Hay served for nearly seven years as Secretary of State under President McKinley and, after McKinley's assassination, under Theodore Roosevelt. Hay was responsible for negotiating the Open Door Policy, which kept China open to trade with all countries on an equal basis, with international powers. By negotiating the Hay–Pauncefote Treaty with the United Kingdom, the (ultimately unratified) Hay–Herrán Treaty with Colombia, and finally the Hay–Bunau-Varilla Treaty with the newly independent Republic of Panama, Hay also cleared the way for the building of the Panama Canal. Provided by Wikipedia
81
by Hay, John, 1838-1905
Boston ; New York : Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1917
Boston ; New York : Houghton, Mifflin and company, 1917
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82
by Hay, John, 1838-1905
Boston : J. R. Osgood and company, 1871
Boston : J. R. Osgood and company, 1871
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83
by Hay, John, 1838-1905
Boston, New York, Houghton Mifflin Company 1912
Boston, New York, Houghton Mifflin Company 1912
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84
by Hay, John, 1838-1905
Boston, J.R. Osgood and Company, 1875
Boston, J.R. Osgood and Company, 1875
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85
86
by Hay, John, 1838-1905
Boston and New York : Houghton Mifflin, 1910
Boston and New York : Houghton Mifflin, 1910
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87
by Hay, John, 1838-1905
New York : Da Capo Press, 1988
New York : Da Capo Press, 1988
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88
by Hay, John, 1838-1905
Boston ; New York : Houghton, Mifflin & company, 1913
Boston ; New York : Houghton, Mifflin & company, 1913
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89
by Hay, John, 1838-1905
Washington : Govt. print. off., 1903
Washington : Govt. print. off., 1903
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90
by Hay, John, 1838-1905
New York : Harper & brothers, 1900
New York : Harper & brothers, 1900
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91
by Hay, John, 1838-1905
Boston, James R. Osgood and Co., 1872
Boston, James R. Osgood and Co., 1872
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92
by Hay, John, 1838-1905
New Haven, Conn. : College & University Press 1973
New Haven, Conn. : College & University Press 1973
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93
by Hay, John, 1838-1905
New York : The Century Co., 1906
New York : The Century Co., 1906
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94
95
by Hay, John, 1838-1905
Bethesda, MD : Academica Press, 2006
Bethesda, MD : Academica Press, 2006
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96
by Hay, John, 1838-1905
New York, Harper & Brothers 1884
New York, Harper & Brothers 1884
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97
98
by Hay, John, 1838-1905
Bethesda, MD : Academica Press, 2006
Bethesda, MD : Academica Press, 2006
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99
by Hay, John, 1838-1905
Boston, New York, Houghton, Mifflin and Co., 1913
Boston, New York, Houghton, Mifflin and Co., 1913
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100
by Hay, John, 1838-1905
London : W. Heinemann, 1903
London : W. Heinemann, 1903
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