Euripides

Bust of Euripides Euripides; , .}} () was a tragedian of classical Athens. Along with Aeschylus and Sophocles, he is one of the three ancient Greek tragedians for whom any plays have survived in full. Some ancient scholars attributed ninety-five plays to him, but the ''Suda'' says it was ninety-two at most. Of these, eighteen or nineteen have survived more or less complete (''Rhesus'' is suspect). There are many fragments (some substantial) of most of his other plays. More of his plays have survived intact than those of Aeschylus and Sophocles together, partly because his popularity grew as theirs declinedhe became, in the Hellenistic Age, a cornerstone of ancient literary education, along with Homer, Demosthenes, and Menander.

Euripides is identified with theatrical innovations that have profoundly influenced drama down to modern times, especially in the representation of traditional, mythical heroes as ordinary people in extraordinary circumstances. This new approach led him to pioneer developments that later writers adapted to comedy, some of which are characteristic of romance. He also became "the most tragic of poets", focusing on the inner lives and motives of his characters in a way previously unknown. He was "the creator of ... that cage which is the theatre of Shakespeare's ''Othello'', Racine's ''Phèdre'', of Ibsen and Strindberg," in which "imprisoned men and women destroy each other by the intensity of their loves and hates". But he was also the literary ancestor of comic dramatists as diverse as Menander and George Bernard Shaw.

His contemporaries associated him with Socrates as a leader of a decadent intellectualism. Both were frequently lampooned by comic poets such as Aristophanes. Socrates was eventually put on trial and executed as a corrupting influence. Ancient biographies hold that Euripides chose a voluntary exile in old age, dying in Macedonia, but recent scholarship casts doubt on these sources. Provided by Wikipedia
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by Euripides
Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1990

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102
by Euripides
Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1906

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103
by Euripides
Lugduni-Batavorum, A.W. Sijthoff, 1895

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104
by Euripides
Cambridge, at the university press, 1907

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105
by Euripides
London : G. Allen & Unwin, 1904
5th ed.

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107
by Euripides
London, New York, Heinemann; G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1916

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108
by Euripides
Leipzig, B.G. Teubner, 1903

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109

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110
by Euripides
New York : The Liberal Arts Press, 1950

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111
by Euripides
Firenze : La Nuova Italia, 1965

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112
by Euripides
Leiden : E.J. Brill, 1971

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113
by Euripides
Leiden, E. J. Brill, 1970
4th ed.

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114
by Euripides
Berlin : Weidmannsche Buchhandlung, 1920
4. Aufl.

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115
by Euripides
New York, R.F. Moore Co., 1950

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116
by Euripides
Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 1903

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117
by Euripides
Leipzig : B.G. Teubner, 1914

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118
by Euripides
New Haven, American Society of Papyrologists, 1969

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119
by Euripides
Cambridge, at the University press, 1889

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120
by Euripides
Gotha︠e︡ : Sumptibus F. Hennings, 1840
Ed. altera,

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