Frederick Douglass
February 1817 or 1818 | birth_place = Cordova, Maryland, U.S. | death_date = | death_place = Washington, D.C., U.S. | resting_place = Mount Hope Cemetery, Rochester, New York, U.S. | occupation = | party = Republican | spouse = |}} | relatives = Douglass family | signature = Frederickdouglasssignature.png | caption = Douglass in 1879 }} Frederick Douglass (born Frederick Augustus Washington Bailey, or February 1818 In ''Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom'', p. 9, David W. Blight writes that "a handwritten inventory of slaves, kept by his owner at birth, Aaron Anthony, recorded 'Frederick Augustus, son of Harriet, Feby. 1818.'" This fact was originally revealed in 1980 by Dickson J. Preston in ''Young Frederick Douglass'', p. 36. Douglass celebrated his birthday on February 14, a date now observed as Douglass Day.}} – February 20, 1895) was an American social reformer, abolitionist, orator, writer, and statesman. He became the most important leader of the movement for African-American civil rights in the 19th century.After escaping from slavery in Maryland in 1838, Douglass became a national leader of the abolitionist movement in Massachusetts and New York, during which he gained fame for his oratory and incisive antislavery writings. Accordingly, he was described by abolitionists in his time as a living counterexample to claims by supporters of slavery that enslaved people lacked the intellectual capacity to function as independent American citizens. Northerners at the time found it hard to believe that such a great orator had once been enslaved. It was in response to this disbelief that Douglass wrote his first autobiography.
Douglass wrote three autobiographies, describing his experiences as an enslaved person in his ''Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave'' (1845), which became a bestseller and was influential in promoting the cause of abolition, as was his second book, ''My Bondage and My Freedom'' (1855). Following the Civil War, Douglass was an active campaigner for the rights of freed slaves and wrote his last autobiography, ''Life and Times of Frederick Douglass''. First published in 1881 and revised in 1892, three years before his death, the book covers his life up to those dates. Douglass also actively supported women's suffrage, and he held several public offices. Without his knowledge or consent, Douglass became the first African American nominated for vice president of the United States, as the running mate of Victoria Woodhull on the Equal Rights Party ticket.
Douglass believed in dialogue and in making alliances across racial and ideological divides, as well as, after breaking with William Lloyd Garrison, in the anti-slavery interpretation of the U.S. Constitution. When radical abolitionists, under the motto "No Union with Slaveholders", criticized Douglass's willingness to engage in dialogue with slave owners, he replied: "I would unite with anybody to do right and with nobody to do wrong." Provided by Wikipedia
81
by Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895
London : Ward, 1847
London : Ward, 1847
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82
by Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895
Boston : Anti-slavery office, 1845
Boston : Anti-slavery office, 1845
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83
by Douglass, Frederick, 1817?-1895
Rochester [N.Y.] : Press of Lee, Mann & co., 1855
Rochester [N.Y.] : Press of Lee, Mann & co., 1855
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84
by Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895
Edinburgh : H. Armour, 1849
Edinburgh : H. Armour, 1849
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85
by Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895
[Blacksburg, VA] : Virginia Tech, 2001
[Blacksburg, VA] : Virginia Tech, 2001
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86
by Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895
[Washington, D.C. : Published by the Union Republican Congressional Committee, 1872
[Washington, D.C. : Published by the Union Republican Congressional Committee, 1872
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87
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88
by Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895
Dublin : Webb and Chapman, 1845
Dublin : Webb and Chapman, 1845
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89
by Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895
Rochester [N.Y.]: : Press of Lee, Mann & Co., Daily American Office,Rochester., 1855
Rochester [N.Y.]: : Press of Lee, Mann & Co., Daily American Office,Rochester., 1855
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90
by Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895
[Chapel Hill, N.C.] : Academic Affairs Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1999
Electronic ed.
[Chapel Hill, N.C.] : Academic Affairs Library, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 1999
Electronic ed.
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91
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92
by Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895
New York : Dover Publications, 1995
New York : Dover Publications, 1995
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93
by Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895
Hartford, Conn. : Park Pub., 1881
Hartford, Conn. : Park Pub., 1881
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94
by Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895
Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018
Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018
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95
by Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895
Rochester [N.Y.]: : Press of Lee, Mann & Co., Daily American Office,, 1855
Rochester [N.Y.]: : Press of Lee, Mann & Co., Daily American Office,, 1855
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96
by Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895
Rochester [N.Y.]: : Printed by Lee, Mann & Co., American Building., 1852
Rochester [N.Y.]: : Printed by Lee, Mann & Co., American Building., 1852
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97
by Douglass, Frederick, 1817?-1895
Charlottesville, Va. : University of Virginia Library, 1996
Charlottesville, Va. : University of Virginia Library, 1996
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98
by Douglass, Frederick, 1817?-1895
Champaign, Ill. (P.O. Box 2782, Champaign 61825) : Project Gutenberg, 1990
Champaign, Ill. (P.O. Box 2782, Champaign 61825) : Project Gutenberg, 1990
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99
by Douglass, Frederick, 1818-1895
Charlottesville, Va. : University of Virginia Library, 1995
Charlottesville, Va. : University of Virginia Library, 1995
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100
by Douglass, Frederick, 1817?-1895
Charlottesville, Va. : University of Virginia Library, 1996
Charlottesville, Va. : University of Virginia Library, 1996
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