Gaetano Donizetti
Domenico Gaetano Maria Donizetti, also , , }} (29 November 1797 – 8 April 1848) was an Italian composer, best known for his almost 70 operas. Along with Gioachino Rossini and Vincenzo Bellini, he was a leading composer of the ''bel canto'' opera style during the first half of the nineteenth century and a probable influence on other composers such as Giuseppe Verdi. Donizetti was born in Bergamo in Lombardy. At an early age he was taken up by Simon Mayr who enrolled him with a full scholarship in a school which he had set up. There he received detailed musical training. Mayr was instrumental in obtaining a place for Donizetti at the Bologna Academy, where, at the age of 19, he wrote his first one-act opera, the comedy ''Il Pigmalione'', which may never have been performed during his lifetime.An offer in 1822 from Domenico Barbaja, the impresario of the Teatro di San Carlo in Naples, which followed the composer's ninth opera, led to his move to Naples and his residency there until production of ''Caterina Cornaro'' in January 1844. In all, 51 of Donizetti's operas were presented in Naples. Before 1830, success came primarily with his comic operas, the serious ones failing to attract significant audiences. His first notable success came with an ''opera seria'', ''Zoraida di Granata'', which was presented in 1822 in Rome. In 1830, when ''Anna Bolena'' was first performed, Donizetti made a major impact on the Italian and international opera scene shifting the balance of success away from primarily comedic operas, although even after that date, his best-known works included comedies such as ''L'elisir d'amore'' (1832) and ''Don Pasquale'' (1843). Significant historical dramas did succeed; they included ''Lucia di Lammermoor'' (the first to have a libretto written by Salvadore Cammarano) given in Naples in 1835, and one of the most successful Neapolitan operas, ''Roberto Devereux'' in 1837. Up to that point, all of his operas had been set to Italian libretti.
Donizetti found himself increasingly chafing against the censorship limitations in Italy (and especially in Naples). From about 1836, he became interested in working in Paris, where he saw greater freedom to choose subject matter, in addition to receiving larger fees and greater prestige. From 1838, beginning with an offer from the Paris Opéra for two new works, he spent much of the following 10 years in that city, and set several operas to French texts as well as overseeing staging of his Italian works. The first opera was a French version of the then-unperformed ''Poliuto'' which, in April 1840, was revised to become ''Les martyrs''. Two new operas were also given in Paris at that time. Throughout the 1840s Donizetti moved between Naples, Rome, Paris, and Vienna, continuing to compose and stage his own operas as well as those of other composers. From around 1843, severe illness began to limit his activities. By early 1846 he was obliged to be confined to an institution for the mentally ill and, by late 1847, friends had him moved back to Bergamo, where he died in April 1848 in a state of mental derangement due to neurosyphilis. Provided by Wikipedia
141
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Musical Score
Book
142
by Donizetti, Gaetano, 1797-1848
New York : J. Douglas, 1848
New York : J. Douglas, 1848
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Book
143
by Donizetti, Gaetano, 1797-1848
Newport, RI : Newport Classic, 1997
Newport, RI : Newport Classic, 1997
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Audio
144
by Donizetti, Gaetano, 1797-1848
West Long Branch, NJ : Kultur, 1991
West Long Branch, NJ : Kultur, 1991
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Unknown
145
by Donizetti, Gaetano, 1797-1848
[New York : F. Rullman, 1901
[New York : F. Rullman, 1901
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Book
146
147
by Donizetti, Gaetano, 1797-1848
New York, NY : Angel, 1960
New York, NY : Angel, 1960
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Conference Proceeding
Audio
148
by Donizetti, Gaetano, 1797-1848
Everest 1969
Everest 1969
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Audio
149
by Donizetti, Gaetano, 1797-1848
Milano : N[ew] Y[ork] : GDS ; Distributed by Qualiton Imports, 1990
Milano : N[ew] Y[ork] : GDS ; Distributed by Qualiton Imports, 1990
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Audio
150
by Donizetti, Gaetano, 1797-1848
New York : Charles E. Burden, 1910
New York : Charles E. Burden, 1910
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Book
151
by Donizetti, Gaetano, 1797-1848
London ; New York : Boosey, 1835
London ; New York : Boosey, 1835
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Musical Score
Book
152
by Donizetti, Gaetano, 1797-1848
Philadelphia (164 Ches[t]nut St., Philadelphia) : J.E. Gould, 1854
Philadelphia (164 Ches[t]nut St., Philadelphia) : J.E. Gould, 1854
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Musical Score
Book
153
by Donizetti, Gaetano, 1797-1848
Melville, N.Y. : Belwin Mills, 1980
Melville, N.Y. : Belwin Mills, 1980
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Musical Score
Book
154
by Donizetti, Gaetano, 1797-1848
Baltimore : Frederick D. Benteen, 1839
Baltimore : Frederick D. Benteen, 1839
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Musical Score
Book
155
by Donizetti, Gaetano, 1797-1848
Baltimore : New Orleans : F.D. Benteen ; Wm. T. Mayo, 1840
Baltimore : New Orleans : F.D. Benteen ; Wm. T. Mayo, 1840
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Musical Score
Book
156
by Donizetti, Gaetano, 1797-1848
London : Boosey, 1871
London : Boosey, 1871
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Musical Score
Book
157
by Donizetti, Gaetano, 1797-1848
Philad[elphi]a (196 Ches[t]nut St., Philad[elphi]a) : J.E. Gould & Co., 1855
Philad[elphi]a (196 Ches[t]nut St., Philad[elphi]a) : J.E. Gould & Co., 1855
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Musical Score
Book
158
159
by Donizetti, Gaetano, 1797-1848
Roma : Boccaccini & Spada, 2007
Roma : Boccaccini & Spada, 2007
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Musical Score
Book
160
by Donizetti, Gaetano, 1797-1848
New York (1 Franklin Square, New York) : Firth, Pond & Co., 1848
New York (1 Franklin Square, New York) : Firth, Pond & Co., 1848
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Musical Score
Book