John Cage
John Milton Cage Jr. (September 5, 1912 – August 12, 1992) was an American composer and music theorist. A pioneer of indeterminacy in music, electroacoustic music, and non-standard use of musical instruments, Cage was one of the leading figures of the post-war avant-garde. Critics have lauded him as one of the most influential composers of the 20th century. He was also instrumental in the development of modern dance, mostly through his association with choreographer Merce Cunningham, who was also Cage's romantic partner for most of their lives.Cage's teachers included Henry Cowell (1933) and Arnold Schoenberg (1933–35), both known for their radical innovations in music, but Cage's major influences lay in various East and South Asian cultures. Through his studies of Indian philosophy and Zen Buddhism in the late 1940s, Cage came to the idea of aleatoric or chance-controlled music, which he started composing in 1951. The ''I Ching'', an ancient Chinese classic text and decision-making tool, became Cage's standard composition tool for the rest of his life. In a 1957 lecture, ''Experimental Music'', he described music as "a purposeless play" which is "an affirmation of life – not an attempt to bring order out of chaos nor to suggest improvements in creation, but simply a way of waking up to the very life we're living".
Cage's best known work is the 1952 composition ''4′33″'', a piece performed in the absence of deliberate sound; musicians who present the work do nothing but be present for the duration specified by the title. The content of the composition is intended to be the sounds of the environment heard by the audience during performance. The work's challenge to assumed definitions about musicianship and musical experience made it a popular and controversial topic both in musicology and the broader aesthetics of art and performance. Cage was also a pioneer of the prepared piano (a piano with its sound altered by objects placed between or on its strings or hammers), for which he wrote numerous dance-related works and a few concert pieces. These include ''Sonatas and Interludes'' (1946–48). Provided by Wikipedia
201
by Cage, John
New York : Henmar Press, 1988
New York : Henmar Press, 1988
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Musical Score
Book
202
by Cage, John
Munich : Col legno, 1998
Other Authors:
“...Cage, John...”Munich : Col legno, 1998
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203
by Cage, John
New York, Henmar Press, 1974
New York, Henmar Press, 1974
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Musical Score
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204
by Cage, John
New York, C. F. Peters Corp. 1960
New York, C. F. Peters Corp. 1960
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Musical Score
Book
205
by Cage, John
New York : Henmar Press, 1960
New York : Henmar Press, 1960
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Musical Score
Book
206
by Cage, John
Wergo 1976
Other Authors:
“...Cage, John...”Wergo 1976
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207
by Cage, John
Composers Recordings 1965
Composers Recordings 1965
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208
by Cage, John
New York : Henmar Press, 1961
New York : Henmar Press, 1961
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Musical Score
Book
209
by Cage, John
Columbia 1970
Columbia 1970
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Musical Score
Book
210
by Cage, John
New York : C.F. Peters, 1961
New York : C.F. Peters, 1961
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Musical Score
Book
211
by Cage, John
Mainz, Germany : Wergo, 1991
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“...Cage, John...”Mainz, Germany : Wergo, 1991
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212
by Cage, John
Kew Gardens, NY : Mode, 1986
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“...Cage, John...”Kew Gardens, NY : Mode, 1986
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213
by Cage, John
Hanover, N.H. : Wesleyan University Press : University Press of New England, 1996
Hanover, N.H. : Wesleyan University Press : University Press of New England, 1996
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Electronic
Book
214
by Cage, John
Pismo Beach, CA : Legacy International, 1997
Pismo Beach, CA : Legacy International, 1997
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Book
215
by Cage, John
München : ECM Records, 2005
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“...Cage, John...”München : ECM Records, 2005
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Book
216
by Cage, John
San Francisco, Calif. : New Albion Records, 1990
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“...Cage, John...”San Francisco, Calif. : New Albion Records, 1990
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Electronic
Audio
217
by Cage, John
[Budapest] : Hungaroton Classic, 2008
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“...Cage, John...”[Budapest] : Hungaroton Classic, 2008
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Electronic
Audio
218
by Cage, John
Franklin, Tenn. : Distributed by Naxos of America, 1999
Franklin, Tenn. : Distributed by Naxos of America, 1999
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Book
219
by Cage, John
Washington DC : Smithsonian/Folkways Recordings, 1992
Washington DC : Smithsonian/Folkways Recordings, 1992
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220
by Cage, John
New York : BMG Music, 1994
New York : BMG Music, 1994
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Audio