Ludwig van Beethoven
Ludwig van Beethoven ( )(Bonn, 16./17. prosinca 1770. – Beč, 26. ožujka 1827.), njemački skladatelj i pijanist, jedan od najvećih skladatelja u povijesti glazbe koji je premostio bečku klasiku 18. i romantizam 19. stoljeća, zbog čega se i opravdano naziva "posljednjim bečkim klasičarem i prvim romantičarom". Ostavio je neizbrisiv trag na daljnji razvoj zapadnoeuropske klasične glazbe i ostao uz Mozarta najizvođeniji i najpoznatiji skladatelj europske glazbene tradicije.Njegova glazba i ugled nadahnjivali su, a ponekad i punili nesigurnošću iduće generacije skladatelja i glazbenika. Osim što je postao zaštitno lice romantizma, jednako snažno utjecao je i na glazbenike 20. stoljeća (Bartok, Šostakovič) sve do razdoblja avangarde čiji su mu predstavnici Pierre Boulez i Karlheinz Stockhausen isticali svoj dug. Njegovih devet simfonija smatra se "Biblijom za skladatelje", dok se njegove 32 glasovirske sonate smatraju "Biblijom za pijaniste", pri čemu su svaka simfonija i sonata glazbeni svijet za sebe.
Iako je prvenstveno poznat kao skladatelj, Beethoven je također bio slavljeni pijanist. Rođen u Bonnu u Njemačkoj, u dvadesetim godinama života preselio se u Beč, učeći glazbu s Josephom Haydnom i brzo stječući ugled pijanista virtuoza. Unatoč postupnom gubljenju sluha u mladosti, Beethoven je nastavio proizvoditi značajna remek-djela kroz cijeli život, čak i kad je bio potpuno gluh. Bio je također jedan od prvih skladatelja "slobodnjaka" – organizirajući pretplatničke koncerte, prodavajući skladbe izdavačima i stječući financijsku potporu od bogatih pokrovitelja, radije nego da traži stalno zaposlenje bilo od Crkve ili aristokratskih dvorova. Koliko je trag ostavio ne samo na klasičnu glazbu, već i na Beč, tadašnju europsku kulturnu prijestolnicu i simbol europske klasične kulture, svjedoči činjenica da mu je na sprovodu nazočio gotovo cijeli Beč. Omogućuje Wikipedia
121
od Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
London : e. Eulenburg, 1934
London : e. Eulenburg, 1934
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122
od Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
Berlin, Germany : Berlin Classics, 1993
Daljnji autori:
“...Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827...”Berlin, Germany : Berlin Classics, 1993
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123
od Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
Staufen, Germany : Cascade Medienproduktions, 2007
Daljnji autori:
“...Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827...”Staufen, Germany : Cascade Medienproduktions, 2007
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124
od Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
Hamburg : Deutsche Grammophon, 1984
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“...Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827...”Hamburg : Deutsche Grammophon, 1984
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125
od Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
New York, N.Y. : Elektra Nonesuch, 1987
New York, N.Y. : Elektra Nonesuch, 1987
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126
od Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
Staufen, Germany : Cascade Medienproduktions, 2007
Daljnji autori:
“...Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827...”Staufen, Germany : Cascade Medienproduktions, 2007
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127
od Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
[S.l.] : Avie Records, 2011
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“...Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827...”[S.l.] : Avie Records, 2011
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128
od Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
Staufen, Germany : Cascade Medienproduktions, 2007
Daljnji autori:
“...Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827...”Staufen, Germany : Cascade Medienproduktions, 2007
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129
od Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
Vox, 1960
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“...Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827...”Vox, 1960
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130
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131
od Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
Staufen, Germany : Cascade Medienproduktions, 2007
Daljnji autori:
“...Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827...”Staufen, Germany : Cascade Medienproduktions, 2007
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132
od Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
Staufen, Germany : Cascade Medienproduktions, 2007
Staufen, Germany : Cascade Medienproduktions, 2007
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133
od Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
[London] : Nimbus records, 1982
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“...Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827...”[London] : Nimbus records, 1982
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134
od Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
Staufen, Germany : Cascade Medienproduktions, 2007
Daljnji autori:
“...Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827...”Staufen, Germany : Cascade Medienproduktions, 2007
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135
od Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
Kassel ; New York : Bärenreiter, 1965
Kassel ; New York : Bärenreiter, 1965
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136
od Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
N.Y. : Concert Hall Society, 1950
N.Y. : Concert Hall Society, 1950
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137
od Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
Staufen, Germany : Cascade Medienproduktions, 2007
Daljnji autori:
“...Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827...”Staufen, Germany : Cascade Medienproduktions, 2007
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138
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139
od Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
London : Saga, 1976
London : Saga, 1976
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140
od Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827
New York : Vox Box, 1980
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“...Beethoven, Ludwig van, 1770-1827...”New York : Vox Box, 1980
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